Essay about How To Take a Dental Impression - 508 Words

Many of us have been to a dentist at some point our lives. There are a number of procedures that can be completed during an appointment that are painless for a patient. One of the pain free procedures would have to be having a dental impression taken. This procedure doesn’t involve needles, or any of the other sharp objects that people seem to dislike. Getting a dental impression is a speedy procedure that only takes a couple of minutes. A dental impression is made using an elastic material called alginate. The impression is a negative of the mouth in which plaster or dental stone is placed, in order to make an accurate copy of the mouth. Impressions are taken for diagnostic reasons and used to construct various types of dental and†¦show more content†¦Next select a dental impression tray that will fit comfortably in the patients’ mouth. Then take four tablespoons of alginate and pour it into the bowl. The alginate must be packed into the measuring cup, because the powder is a light substance and needs to be packed in order to have enough to take a full impression. Next the alginate needs to be put into the mixing bowl with the water. Immediately after pouring stir the water and alginate to moisten all the powder so the mixture will not fly out when spinning. Firmly press the mixture against the sides of the bowl while the machine spins, until the mixture is of a smooth consistency. When the alginate is mixed together it is ready to be used. Finally press the mixture firmly in the dental impression tray, and place it in the patients’ mouth. Once in, press the tray up or down, (depending on whether it is the upper or lower teeth), starting with the back molar and working forward. Rolling the tray from the back to the front will prevent any of the mixture from going down the patients’ throat. While coming to the front teeth, be sure to lift the lip over the dental tray to ensure that the gum line is well defined. The alginate mixture will become firm fairly quickly, depending on how fast it was placed in the mouth after mixing. The substance will be ready to remove when it is hard to the touch. After the impression tray is removed from the mouth the painless procedure isShow MoreRelatedMy Career As A Dental Assistant Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesshort career as a registered dental assistant. Immediately after high school, I attended Concorde Career College with the goal of obtaining a dental assistant degree. Dental assistants help dental operators such as dentists and dental hygienists with providing more efficient dental treatment. We also prepare patients for treatments, sterilize instruments, handle instruments, operate dental equipment, process dental radiographs, and take dental impressions (â€Å"Dental Assistant†). After graduationRead MoreDental Tips For Dental Assistant1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthe camera. Could you imagine if people have lost there teeth, how are they going to look and how can they chew food? This was the reason I went to dental assisting school and become a registered dental assistant. After high school, I have attended Concorde Career College and received my dental assistant degree. Dental assistants assist the dental operators such as dentists or dental hygienists in providing more efficient dental treatment. We also preparing patients for treatment, sterilizingRead MoreTips For A Dental Assistant Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pages but could you imagine if people have lost there teeth, how are they going to look and how can they chew food? This was the reason I went to dental assistant school and become a register dental assistant. After high school, I have attended Concorde Career College and received my dental assistant degree. As one of dental assistant, we assist the dental operators such as dentists or dental hygienists in providing more efficient dental treatment. We preparing the patient for treatment, sterilizingRead MoreEssay On Dental Website1005 Words   |  5 Pagestoday having a dental practice website is not enough. You must have a distinguished and prominent website for your practice. It is what your patients value and look for, especially people who are searching for a new dentist. Without a comprehensive website suitable for your patients and future patients it is easier for them to look for other options. Complete Dental Marketing has made dental websites throughout the United States since 1999 and has only gotten better! C.D.M dental website designRead MoreDental Assisting Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesstudying at CFCC to get into the Dental Assisting program. Upon graduating, I would like to acquire a job at an orthodontists office. The employment for this occupation is actually expected to grow much faster than average; between 2008 and 2018, employment is expected to grow 36 percent. The job demand in the Cape Fear area seems to be fairly higher than other areas in North Carolina, and higher than some other states as well. The average starting salary for dental assistants in 2008 was aboutRead MoreCosmetic Dentistry Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesimproving a person’s teeth, smile, and mouth. General dentistry deals with what needs to be done whereas Cosmetic dentistry is what you desire to be done. Cosmetic dentistry takes a lot of extra time and special training on the materials used. So therefore only dentists who are truly passionate about improving the teeth and smile take the time and extra money to do it. Cosmetic dentistry can also be used to restore a cavity. This is because cavities are mostly fixed by digging out the debris and fillingRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Dental Anxiety1024 Words   |  5 PagesOutline - Phobia Definition - Dental phobia - Causes of phobia - Signs of phobia - Common fears - Diagnosis - Proper phobia approach - Management: A. Adult Management Strategies B. Pediatric anxiety management - Conclusion - References ïÆ'Ëœ Phobia Definition: - A phobia is an intense fear of something that has little or no actual danger. In general, most of the phobias develop in childhood but they can also develop in adulthood. ïÆ'Ëœ What is Dental Anxiety or Phobia? - Dental anxiety is very common andRead MoreCad / Cam ( Computer Aided Manufacturing )1747 Words   |  7 Pages There is no doubt in any dental professional s mind that most people would prefer to spend as little time in the dental chair as possible. Dental work is extremely important but restorative procedures are not exactly pleasant, and many people are fearful of what they entail. This is especially true when a patient is faced with a long, drawn out procedure which requires several visits. Treatment for receiving crowns, veneers, bridges, orthodontics, or removable prosthesis are typical examples ofRead MoreWhen Working In A Dental Laboratory There Are Many Safe1520 Words   |  7 Pages When working in a dental laboratory there are many safe operating procedures that should take place.Dental pumice is used as an abrasive for finished and polishing of dental appliances. Pumice contains crystalline silica , its very harmful substance when breathed and can cause severe breathing problems such as silicosis and a group of lung diseases. When working with pumice we must ensure to always wear gloves as it can be drying on the skin , always wear some type of face mask and this must beRead MoreEssay on How To Interview for a Position as a Dental Assistant992 Words   |  4 PagesYou have found a vacancy for a Dental Assistant and you know you are the perfect candidate, but how do you demonstrate this in an interview? A dental assistant is an important position in all practices. The ability to liaise with patients, prepare dental equipment and complete administration duties with ease are essential. Most dental practices will carry out initial interviews through third party agencies. Such agencies review curriculums for relevancy and push forward recommended candidates

The Persian Achaemenid Dynasty

The Achaemenids were the ruling dynasty of Cyrus the Great and his family over the Persian empire, (550-330 BC). The first of the Persian Empire Achaemenids was Cyrus the Great (aka Cyrus II), who wrested control of the area from its Median ruler, Astyages. Its last ruler was Darius III, who lost the empire to Alexander the Great. By the time of Alexander, the Persian Empire had become the largest empire so far in history, stretching from the Indus River in the East to Libya and Egypt, from the Aral Sea to the northern coast of the Aegean Sea and the Persian (Arabian) Gulf. The Achaemenids Cyrus I (ruled at Anshan)Cambyses I, Cyrus son (ruled at Anshan) Achaemenid Empire Kings Cyrus II (the Great) [550-530 BC] (ruled from Pasargadae)Cambyses II [530-522 BC]Bardiya [522 BC] (possibly, a pretender)Darius I [522-486 BC] (ruled from Persepolis)Xerxes I (the Great) [486-465 BC]Artaxerxes I [465-424 BC]Xerxes II [424-423 BC]Darius II (Ochus) [423-404 BC]Artaxerxes II (Arsaces) [404-359 BC]Artaxerxes III (Ochus) [359-338 BC]Artaxerxes IV (Arses) [338-336 BC]Darius III [336-330 BC) The vast region conquered by Cyrus II and his descendants could not, obviously, be controlled from Cyrus administrative capital at Ecbatana or Darius center at Susa, and so each region had a regional governor/protector called a satrap (responsible to and representatives of the great king), rather than a sub-king, even if the satraps were often princes wielding kingly power. Cyrus and his son Cambyses started expanding the empire and the developing an effective administrative system, but Darius I the Great perfected it. Darius boasted of his accomplishments through multi-lingual inscriptions on a limestone cliffside at Mount Behistun, in western Iran. Architectural styles common throughout the Achaemenid empire included distinctive columned buildings called apadanas, extensive rock carvings and stone reliefs, climbing staircases and the earliest version of the Persian Garden, divided into four quadrants. Luxury items identified as Achaemenid in flavor were jewelry with polychrome inlay, animal-headed bracelets and carinated bowls of gold and silver. The Royal Road The Royal Road was a major intercontinental thoroughfare probably built by the Achaemenids to allow access to their conquered cities. The road ran from Susa to Sardis and thence to the Mediterranean coast at Ephesus. Intact sections of the road are cobble pavements atop a low embankment from 5-7 meters in width and, in places, faced with a curbing of dressed stone. Achaemenid Languages Because the Achaemenid empire was so extensive, many languages were required for the administration. Several inscriptions, such as the Behistun Inscription, were repeated in several languages. The image on this page is of a trilingual inscription on a pillar in Palace P of Pasargadae, to Cyrus II, probably added during the reign of Darius II. The primary languages used by the Achaemenids included Old Persian (what the rulers spoke), Elamite (that of the original peoples of central Iraq) and Akkadian (the ancient language of the Assyrians and Babylonians). Old Persian had its own script, developed by the Achaemenid rulers and based partly on cuneiform wedges, while Elamite and Akkadian were typically written in cuneiform. Egyptian inscriptions are also known to a lesser degree, and one translation of the Behistun inscription has been found in Aramaic. Updated by  N.S. Gill Sources Aminzadeh B, and Samani F. 2006. Identifying the boundaries of the historical site of Persepolis using remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 102(1-2):52-62. Curtis JE, and Tallis N. 2005. Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. University of California Press, Berkeley. Dutz WF and Matheson SA. 2001. Persepolis. Yassavoli Publications, Tehran. Encyclopedia Iranica Hanfmann GMA and Mierse WE. (eds) 1983. Sardis from Prehistoric to Roman Times: Results of the Archaeological Exploration of Sardis 1958-1975. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Sumner, WM. 1986 Achaemenid Settlement in the Persepolis Plain. American Journal of Archaeology 90(1):3-31.

A Day That Marks The Progression Of Our Nations Military

Operation Enduring PMS January 24, 2013 is a day that marks the progression of our nation’s military to one of gender equality. Women are now allowed to compete for combat roles alongside men. In fact, two women have completed the Army Ranger course at Fort Benning. This is one of the hardest courses to complete in the Army. Wikipedia provides this description for the school, â€Å"ranger students conduct about 20 hours of training per day, while consuming two or fewer meals daily totaling about 2,200 calories, with an average of 3.5 hours of sleep a day. Students sleep more before a parachute jump for safety considerations. Ranger students typically wear and carry some 65–90 pounds of weapons, equipment, and training ammunition while†¦show more content†¦Their standards are high for one reason: combat readiness. These standards have been around for a long time and have made our military the strongest fighting force on the planet. Women have been in the military for a long time, but they have served in combat support roles. That is not to say that women have not ever been in combat. There are a lot of great stories of heroic women who have gone above the call of duty to keep this country safe. However, they have not had to do it on a regular basis. Being in a combat role is extremely hard on one’s body. Most men who do this job come away with injured backs, PTSD, worn out knees, and many other role specific injuries. These injuries accumulate over an extended amount of training and combat experience. Are women up to this arduous task? Women are not ready to join the ranks of men in the combat arms. Gender equality has no place on the battlefield. This is based on the following reasons: 1) Biologically, women are not equipped to handle the body stresses that are associated with combat roles. 2) The addition of women in combat roles will undoubtedly increase the number of sexual assaults, STDs, and pregnancies in the various military units. 3) History has shown that the military lowers its standards for women. In a combat role, women must be able to complete the standards that are set for men. The first reason that women

Benefits And Benefits Of Unpaid Internship - 1375 Words

In today’s paper-chase society, graduates are continuously on the search for prestigious job which meet their expectations. Most major firms offer internship opportunities which give the student first-hand experience, providing a chance for them to immerse in the work, culture and the company business. Many people may argue that it is justifiable to have unpaid internship, because the opportunity to learn a specific skill inside a well-known company is priceless. However I beg to differ, the justification for unpaid internship is relatively weak, and no one should have to work for free especially in the case of profit-making companies. Undeniably, one should seize any internship opportunities as it can fill up a specific skill gap on one’s resume, and this can not be monetised. The candidate can have an insight look about the job scope, and gain real-world experience before they completing their academia. In addition, internship also can serve as a stepping stone for full time employment with major firms, mounting attention has been channeled towards the soft skills aspect of each candidate. According to a survey by Talent Q(2014), part of Hay Group, nine in ten employers believes that graduates with soft skills will become increasingly important as globalisation speeds up. Further than that the majority of employers surveyed by the Hay Group in 2014 believe that entry-level graduates aren’t prepared for the working world and 80% of them were struggling to find graduatesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Unpaid Internships: Pricy or Priceless?1618 Words   |  7 Pagestheir chances of getting their desired jobs. Internships provide valuable experience necessary for jobs and are an important part of the academic career. However, when it comes to internships, the issue of unpaid internships may be raised with opinions differing on the question of the benefits of such unpaid internships. Many people believe that since a salary does not cover the emerging costs, like living expenses and transportation, unpaid internships turn into a pricy experience that lay an evenRead MoreFederal And New York Minimum Wage Laws1586 Words   |  7 Pagesto rely heavily on unpaid internships. The judge had decided that Fox Searchlight should have paid two interns on the movie â€Å"Black Swan,† because they were essentially regular employees. The interns were made to do basic chores usually done by paid employees. The interns were made to take lunch orders, answer phones, track purchase orders, and take out the trash. The judge noted that these internships did not provide an educational val ue and that the studio received the benefits of the work (Greenhouse)Read MoreUnpaid Internships and the Law Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Internships play an important role in the career development and recruitment process of young professionals and soon-to-be college graduates. Internships come in two forms: paid and unpaid. Paid internships are most commonly procured in the private sector or in organizations that have financial stability to pay students to gain experience and learn while they work. Unpaid internships are becoming increasingly common in the current workplace where some businesses are cutting costs andRead MoreInternships Do More Harm Than Good965 Words   |  4 PagesInternships do more harm than good What is an internship? An internship is a work-related learning experience for individuals who wish to develop hands on work experience in a certain occupational field. Most internships are temporary assignments that last approximately three months or up to a year. After reading the essayâ€Å" Take This Internship and Shove it â€Å" by Kamenetz Anya who graduated from Yale University, I agree with her that internships do more harm than good because of the opportunity costRead MorePersuasive Essay : Unpaid Internships1392 Words   |  6 PagesOne interesting and controversial topic nowadays is internships. Several people argue whether they are fair or not and there is a great deal of different arguments and points of view. Evidence indicates that internships have more flaws than virtues, and these flaws determine the arguments that demonstrate that they are not fair whatsoever. There is a significant problem: countless students cannot afford this job option, creating an unfair di sadvantage for those scholars with financial difficultiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Glatt V. Fox Searchlight Pictures Inc.1209 Words   |  5 Pages6. Clear Understanding of Non-Payment It is vital that, at the outset of the relationship, the intern and the organization both understand that the job is unpaid and that the intern is not entitled to wages for the time spent in the internship. Although stipends are not always provided to unpaid interns at for-profit enterprises, this type of payment can undermine the understanding of nonpayment. Moreover, if the intern is paid a stipend and he/she is likely to be treated as an employee. AccordinglyRead MoreUnpaid Internship, An Opportunity Or A Tragedy?894 Words   |  4 PagesNhu Truong Prof. Nader IS 301L, GWAR Portfolio Writing #2 November 6, 2014 Unpaid Internship, an Opportunity or a Tragedy? Since the great economic recession in 2008, the United State’s job market has become a fierce competition in which newly graduates have to contend not only with their peers but also the existing experienced workers. The changing economic condition makes â€Å"experience† the only valuable key to enter today’s workforce. As the college students’ desire to seek work experienceRead MoreTake This Internship and Shove It by Anya Kamenetz867 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Take This Internship and Shove It† by Anya Kamenetz is about the declining state of jobs for new college graduates or current college students. Anya Kamenetz is attempting to prove that internships, particularly unpaid internships, are part of the problem of new graduates finding employment in their field of study. Kamenetz is also trying to prove internships are harmful to the job market in general. Kamenetz describes internships as â€Å"fake jobs† and states internships cause low wages and declineRead MoreThe fashion industry is a utopia, of silk and suede and, shoes and belts. It is a place where900 Words   |  4 PagesStart with the whole cycle of spamming and searching again? No. An internship is a better option. But is an unpaid internship the right way to go about it? Thats the real question. An internship is an answer to all the dilemmas faced by young adults trying to choose the right path. It can put one at the top of the game. It allows young aspirants to get a flavor of their dream jobs. And not just that, its an idea that benefits the company and the intern mutually. But with a desperation to reachRead MoreBenefits Of Internships On The Middle Ages1457 Words   |  6 PagesJustin Wu Carol Nader IS301L 5/7/2015 Get What You Can Internships have been around for a very long time. Even in the medieval ages there have been signs of internships through the process of apprenticeship. During the Middle Ages humans did not suddenly become professional blacksmiths. Novices normally went through a process called apprenticeship. Apprentices would study under their teacher in order to familiarize themselves with the craft. Apprenticeships typically last three to six

American Culture and Politics Free Essays

This research looks at American Culture and Politics since there is so much in American history and culture. The proposal paper contains some of the findings about the American politics and culture. This paper can help scholars who want to have a wide knowledge about American politics and culture and how they influence each other. We will write a custom essay sample on American Culture and Politics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The primary research sources that will be used include: Questionnaire and Interview. Secondary sources include: published textbooks, and published statistics. INTRODUCTION To begin with, American conservatives claim that the Left, from its parapets of power in Hollywood, the universities, the national media, the federal courts, and the National Endowment for the Arts, has waged, for decades, a â€Å"culture war† upon the American people — a war that the people have been losing. The conservatives’ complaint is commonly put this way: the Left has set out to â€Å"politicize† American culture, to force it to conform to a new orthodoxy of political correctness in everything from homosexual marriage to pronoun usage (Kesler, 1998). The conservatives’ point is that culture should be above, or at least separated from, the political order; that civil society — the realm of art, religion, family, and private property — should be protected, for the sake of liberty as well as culture, against political encroachments. Instead of politics trying tyrannically or arbitrarily to create culture, politics should devote itself to conserving culture (Combs, 1991). According to Goodnow politics had to do with the policies or expressions of the state will (Parashar, 1997). Thus in the conservative view, politics should grow out of culture and serve culture, not the other way around. Scholars and activist on the left should take warning: What once political movements have become translated into personal quests for fulfillment (Cloud, 1998). But at this point one sees that there are actually two conservative views of culture. They differ on the question of what it means to â€Å"conserve† culture: Does it mean to keep government’s hands off it, to be neutral towards culture and allow it to develop however artists and citizens choose? Or does it mean a hands-on approach, an active promotion of â€Å"traditional American values† against their would-be subverters in and out of government? Hands-off is the preference both of libertarians, who tend to take a democratic and laissez faire attitude towards culture, and of those neo-conservatives who defend high culture against the public’s attempts to influence it (Josephson, 2007). The hands-on approach is preferred by the so-called Religious Right, by most who refer to themselves as â€Å"cultural conservatives† or traditionalists, and by many neo-conservatives who are repelled by the prospect of American society’s utter de-moralization. Even conservatives who are prepared to use government to shore up American culture, however, typically reject the notion that they are â€Å"politicizing† the culture (Whitfield, 1996). They argue that they are only using politics to get beyond politics — that is, to overcome the culture’s artificial or forced politicization. White Southerners, used to a friendly custodial environment, were confronting a more diverse and secular American culture (Marsden, 2006). Seizing upon this contradiction or ambiguity, the Left today charges that conservatives are prepared, when they are prepared, to take a laissez faire attitude towards culture only because theirs — the white male bourgeois culture — is the dominant one. When its hegemony is challenged, liberal critics note, as it is being challenged currently, then conservatives cease to be defenders of a hands-off cultural policy and quickly become advocates of cultural protectionism (Wald, Calhoun-brown, 2006). Yet in challenging the supposed hegemony of patriarchal or conservative culture, most liberal intellectuals do not imagine themselves to be calling for the hegemony of their own culture. Today’s liberals stand for â€Å"multiculturalism,† for the replacement of ruling-class culture by the multiplicity of cultures belonging to oppressed, or formerly oppressed, classes and groups. In the past, white males had used their culture to justify and reinforce their rule over the rest of society; it was white males who â€Å"politicized† culture, according to the multiculturalists (Sturm, 2002). Now, the rest of society — indeed, the world — can bring previously excluded cultures to bear in order to delegitimize the old â€Å"racist, sexist, homophobic† order and ordain a new, more inclusive one (Roper, 2002). From the standpoint of traditionalist conservatism, every society or people are defined by its culture, and therefore every culture is more or less an exclusive one (Neve, 1992). In John O’Sullivan’s words, â€Å"A multicultural society is a contradiction in terms and cannot survive indefinitely. It either becomes monocultural or runs into trouble. â€Å"1 At this juncture, we urgently need some clarity on the meaning of â€Å"culture. † Becoming American was initially a political and constitutional choice, but finally it necessitated a series of profound transformations in business, speech, dress, religion, literature, education, heroes, holidays, civic ceremonies — in character (Bergmann Seminar on Feminism and Culture in Latin America, 1990). The public schools movement was one of the most important, as well as one of the most obvious, of these subsequent efforts to conform the American people to their new republican institutions. It is an old political observation, echoed in Montesquieu and countless other writers, that in the beginning men make the institutions, and after that the institutions make the men. The American founders had this maxim very much in mind as they built the institutions that would guide the nation’s destiny, and today it is worth pondering anew. Perhaps it is time to build some new institutions, if we are to have a real chance to rehabilitate American culture. During a relatively brief period of time the first food industry has helped to transform not only the American diet, but also our landscape, economy, workforce, and popular culture (Schlosser, 2001) as a kind of growth: a culture is a living social organism that has particular ethnic â€Å"roots† and develops from those roots, often flowering into unique, that is, characteristic achievements of high art. To understand a culture means therefore to appreciate it in its particularity, to see it as a unique historical growth — not as a mere exemplum of a common and unchanging human nature, much less as an imperfect embodiment of the best political or social order. Reason has little to do with culture in this sense, therefore, because the modern concept of culture emphasizes the ethnic, the particular, the authentic at the expense of the universal; whereas reason strives, even in practical affairs, to see particulars in the light of universals. An authentic culture is natural in the sense of being an uncoerced growth, not in the sense of containing universal principles that can be grasped and perhaps manipulated by reason (Tomsich, 1971). Accordingly, an authentic culture cannot be designed or planned because it cannot be thought through; it is always in the process of slow change or adaptation. Ever since Edmund Burke, whose defense of the British Constitution became the model for the Right’s thinking on the cultural roots of politics in general, conservatives have argued that culture is neither a goal that politicians can seek to achieve nor a product that they can make — let alone export. SUMMARY Oddly enough, the multiculturalists agree with the traditionalists on the primacy of culture over politics, and to some extent even on the definition of culture. What the multiculturalists insist on, however, is that culture does not have to be exclusive, or more precisely, that Americans can participate in many cultures without succumbing to any one of them and without ceasing to be American. But this is to pile absurdity upon absurdity. References Bergmann, E. L. Seminar on Feminism and Culture in Latin America. (1990). Women, culture, and politics in Latin America. California: University of California Press. Cloud, D. L. (1998). Control and consolation in American culture and politics: rhetoric of therapy. New Delhi: SAGE. Combs, J. E. (1991). Polpop 2: politics and popular culture in America today?. New York: Popular Press. Eric Schlosser. (2001). Fast food nation: the dark side of the all-American meal, Volume 1000. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Josephson, M. (2007). The President Makers – the Culture of Politics and Leadership in an Age of Enlightenment 1896-1919. New York: READ BOOKS. Kesler, C. R. (1998, May 15). Culture, Politics, and the American Founding. Retrieved June 13, 2010, from www. claremont. org: http://www. claremont. org/publications/pubid. 496/pub_detail. asp Lipartito, K. Sicilia, D. B. (2004). Constructing corporate America: history, politics, culture. New York: Oxford University Press. Marsden, G. M. (2006). Fundamentalism and American culture. New York: Oxford University Press US. Neve, B. (1992). Film and politics in America: a social tradition. New York: Rout ledge. Parashar, P. (1997). Public Administration in the Developed World. New Delhi: Sarup Sons. Roper, J. (2002). The contours of American politics: an introduction. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Sturm, C. (2002). Blood politics: race, culture, and identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. California: University of California Press. Tomsich, J. (1971). A genteel endeavor: American culture and politics in the gilded age. California: Stanford University Press. Whitfield, S. J. (1996). American space, Jewish time: essays in modern culture and politics. New York: M. E. Sharpe. Wald, K. d. Calhoun-brown, A. (2006). Religion and politics in the United States. Oxford: Rowman Littlefield. How to cite American Culture and Politics, Papers

From a sociological perspective, explanations for Essay Example For Students

From a sociological perspective, explanations for Essay criminal- ity are found in two levels which are the subculture and the structural explanations. The sociological explanations emphasize aspects of societal arrangements that are external to the actor and compelling. A sociological explanation is concerned with how the structure of a society or its institutional practices or its persisting cultural themes affect the conduct of its members. Individual differences are denied or ignored, and the explanation of the overall collective behavoir is sought in the patterning of social arrangements that is considered to be both outside the actor and prior to him (Sampson, 1985). That is, the social patterns of power or of institutions which are held to be determinative of human action are also seen as having been in existence before any particular actor came on the scene. In lay language, sociological explanations of crime place the blame on something social that is prior to, external to, and compelling of any particular person. Sociological explanations do not deny the importance of human motivation. However, they locate the source of motives outside the individual and in the cultural climate in which he lives. Political philosophers, sociologists, and athropologists have long observed that a condition of social life is that not all things are allowed. Standards of behavior are both a pro- duct of our living together and a requirement if social life is to be orderly. The concept of a culture refers to the perceived standards of behavior, observable in both words and deeds, that are learned, transmitted from generation to generation and somewhat durable. To call such behavior cultural does not necessar- ily mean that it is refined, but rather means that it is cultured aquired, cultivated, and persistent. Social scientists have invented the notion of a subculture to describe variations, within a society, upon its cultural themes. In such circumstances, it is assumed that some cultural prescrip- tions are common to all members of society, but that modifica- tions and variations are discernible within the society. Again, it is part of the definition of a subculture, as of a culture, that is relatively enduring. Its norms are termed a style, rather than a fashion, on the grounds that the former has some endurance while the latter is evanescent. The quarrel comes, of course, when we try to estimate how real a cultural pattern is and how persistent. The standards by which behavior is to be guided vary among men and over time. Its is in this change and variety that crime is defined. An application of this principle to crimin- ology would find that the roots of the crime in the fact that groups have developed different standards of appropriate behavior and that, in complex cultures, each individual is subject to competing prescriptions for action. Another subcultural explanation of crime grows readily out of the fact that, as we have seen, social classes experience different rates of arrest and conviction for serious offenses. When strata within a society are marked off by categories of income, education, and occupational prestige, differences are discovered among them in the amount and style of crime. Further, differences are usually found between these social classes in their tastes, interests, and morals. Its is easy to describe these class-linked patterns as cultures. This version of the subcultural explanation of crime holds that the very fact of learning the lessons of the subculture means that one aquires interests and preferences that place him in greater or lesser risk of breaking the law. Others argue that being reared in the lower class means learning a different culture from that which creates the criminal laws. The lower- class subculture is said to have its own values, many of which run counter to the majority interests that support the laws against the serious predatory crimes. One needs to note that the indicators of class are not descriptions of class. Proponents of subcultural explanations of crime do not define a class culture by any assortment of the objective indicators or rank, such as annual income or years of schooling. Rise of the Superpowers (USA and USSR) EssayFrom this theoretical stance, the savagery of the urban gangster for example represents merely thenatural outcome of a failure in child upbringing. Similarily, on a simple level of explanation, manysociolo- gists and anthropologists believe that hostile behavior can be learned as easily as passivebehavior. Once learned, the codes of violence and impatient tendencies of the mind are their ownpositive values. Fighting and hating then become both duties and pleasures. For advocates of thissociopsychological point of view, it is not necessary to regard the barbarian whose words anddeeds laugh at goodness as having the same motives as more lawful per- sons. It needs noradical vision to agree that the school systems of Western societies presently provide pooraprenticeship in adult- hood for many adolescents. A poor apprenticeship for being grown up iscriminogenic. In this sense, the structure of modern countries encourages delinquency, for that structure lacks institutional procedures for moving people smoothly form protected childhood toautomonmous adulthood. During adolescence, many youths in affluent societies are neither wellguided by their parents nor happily engaged by their teachers. They are adult in body, but childrenin responsi- bility and in their contribution to others. Now placed in between irresponsibledependence and accountable independance, they are compelled to attend schools that do notthoroughly stimulate the interests of all of them and that, in too many cases, provide theuninterested child with the experience of failure and the mirror of denigration (Herrnstein). Educators are conceiving remedies. This engages a dilemmaa dilemma of the democraticeducators. They want equality and individuality, objectives that thus far in history have eludedsocietal engineers. Meanwhile, the metro- politan schools of industrialized nations make aprobable, but measurable, contribution to delinquency. Some crimes are rational. In such cases, thecriminal way appears to be the more effecient way of satisfying ones wants. When crime isregarded as rational, it can be given either a structural or a sociopsychological explanation. Theexplanation is structural when it emphasizes the conditions that make crime rational. It becomes asociopsychological explanation when it emphasizes the interpretations of the conditions that makecrime rational, or when it stresses the training that legitimizes il- legal activities. No one emphasisneed be more correctmore use- fulthan another. Conduct, lawful and criminal, always occurswithin some structure of possibilities and is, among n ormal people, justified by an interpretation ofthat structure. Both the interpretation of and the adaptation to a structure of possibilities are largelylearned. It is only for convenience that we will discuss the idea that crime may be rational as one ofthe structural, rather than one of the sociopsychological, explantions. The most obvious way inwhich a social structure produces crime is by providing chances to make money illegally(Herrnstein). Whether or not a structure elevates desires, it generates crime by bringing needs intothe view of opportunities. This kind of explanation does not say that people behave criminallybecause they have been denied legitimate opportunities, but rather it says that people break the law,particulary those laws concerning the definition of property, because this is a rational thing to do. the idea of rational crime is in accord with the common-sense assumption that most people willtake money if they can do so without penalty. Obviously there are differences in personality thatraise or lower resistance to temptation. These differences are the concern of thosesociopsychological explantions that emphasize the controlling functions of character. However,without attending to these personal variables, it is notable that the common human proclivity toimprove and maintain status will produce offenses against property when these tendencies meet theappropriate situa- tion (Ferrington). These situations have been studied by crimin- ologists in fourmajor contexts. There are, first, the many situations in civil life in which supplies, services andmoney are available for theft. Theft is widespread in such situations. It ranges from taking whatisnt nailed down in public settings to stealing factory tools and store inventories to cheating onexpense accounts to embezzlement. Second, t here are circumstances in which legitimate workmakes it economical to break the criminal law. Third, there are able criminals, individuals whohave chosen theft as an occupation and who have make a success of it. These expert thieves aresometimes affiliated with musclemen or organizers in a fourth context of rational crimes, thecontext in which crime becomes an economic enterprise fulfilling the demands of a market(Ferrington). Now specifically on these contexts, crime has been seen as a preferred livelihood. The conception of some kinds of crime as rational responses to structures indicates that in thestruggle to stay alive and in the desire to improve ones material condi- tion lie the seeds of manycrimes. some robbery, but more burglary; some snitching, but more boosting; some automobiletheft by juveniles, but more automobile transfers by adults represent a consciously adopted wayof making a living. All organized crime represents such a preference. The organization of largescale theft adopts new technologies and new modes of opera- tion to keep pace with increases inthe wealth of Western nations and changes in security measures. Such businesslike crime has beenchanging form craft crimes to project crimes involving big- ger risks, bigger takes, and morecriminal intelligence. Conversations with successful criminals, those who use intel- legence to planlucrative acts, indicate considerable satisfaction with their work. There is pride in ones craft andpride in ones nerve. There is enjoyment of leisure between jobs. There is ex- pressed delight inbeing ones own boss, free of any compelling routine. the carefree life, the irresponsible life, isappreciat- ed and contrasted with the drab existence of more lawful citizens. Given the low risk ofpenalty and the high probability of reward, given the absence of pangs of guilt and the presence ofhedonistic preferences, crime is a rational occupational choice for such individuals (Sampson). Ona level of lesser skill, many inhabitants of metropolitan slums are in situations that make criminalactivity a rational enterprise. Young men in particular who show little interest in school, but greatdistaste for the authority of a boss and the imprisonment of a predictable job, are likely candidatesfor the rackets. Compared to work, the rackets combine more freedom, money and higher status ata relatively low cost. In some organ- ized crimes, like running the numbers, risk of arrest is low. therationality of the choice of these rackets is therefore that much higher for youths with the requisitetastes. In summary, the structuralist emphasis on the criminogenic features of a stratified society isboth popular and persuasive. The employment of this type of explanation becomes political. If theanomie that generates crime lies in the gap between desires and their gratification, criminologistscan urge that desires be modified, that gratifications be increased, or that some compro- mise bereached between what people expect and what they are likely to get (Christiansen). The variouspolitical positions prescribe different remedies for our social difficulties. Radical thinkers use theschema of anomie to strengthen their argument for a classless or, at least, a less stratified society. Conservative thinkers use this schema to demonstrate the dangers of an egalitarian philosophy. Atone political pole, the recommendation is to change the structure of power so as to reduce thepressure toward criminality. At the other pole, the prescription is to change the publics perceptionof life. Criminologists are themselves caught up in this debate. The major tradition in socialpsychology, as it has been developed from sociologists, emphasizes the ways in which perceptionsand beliefs cause behavoirs. Between how things are (the structure) and how one responds to thisworld, the social psychologist places attitude, belief, and definition of the situation. The crucialquestion becomes one of assessing how much of any action is simply a response to a structure ofthe social world, and how much of any action is moved by differing interpretations of that reality(Sampson). Social psychologists of the symbolic-inter- actionist persuasion attempt to build abridge between the struc- tures of social relations and our interpretations of them and, in thismatter, to describe how crime is produced. BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Blumstein, Alfred. 1979. An Analysis. Crime and Delinquency 29(October): 546-60. 2. Christiansen, K.O. 1977. A Review of Studies of Crimin- ality. In Basesof Criminal Behavoir, ed. S.A. Mednick and K.O. Christiansen, p. 641, 654-669 New York:Gardner. 3. Ferrington, David P. 1991. Explaining the Beginning and Progress. In Advances inCriminological Theory, ed. Joan McCord, vol. 3, p. 191-199,New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction. 4. Freeman, Richard B. 1983. The Relationship Between Criminality and the Disadvantaged. Ch. 6In Crime and Public Policy, ed. James Q. Wilson, p. 917-991. San Francisco: ICS Press. 5. Herrnstein, Richard J. 1985. Crime and Human Nature. P. 359-374, New York: Simon andSchuster. 6. Hirschi, Travis. 1969. Causes of Delinquency. P. 30-31, 89-102, Berkeley: Universityof California Press. 7. Sampson, R.J. 1985. Neighborhood Family Structure and the Risk ofVictimization. In The Social Ecology of Crime, ed. J. Byrne and R. Sampson, 25-46. New York:Springer-Verlag.

Attraction & Event Management-Samples for Students Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the role of events and attractions within the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Answer: All societies perform several festivities, rituals and public celebrations. It gives a feeling of togetherness and also it is seen as unique and destination image makers which helps in attracting the tourists. Festivals and events act as a catalyst which attracts the tourists, increasing their number (Yeoman et al. 2012). This essay mainly focuses on a particular event called Noche de Brujas or Night of the Witches - a three day celebration of the supernatural, which is held in Catemaco, Mexico on the first Friday of March. The event is one of the most original events. The streets become dark, as if spirits, witches, ghosts and demons have visited the place. The whole of Mexico is set up in a horror theme which draws the attention of a huge number of audiences. The specific objectives of the essay is to illustrate the type of the event, giving equal attention to its dimension and associated attractions, content, location, size, budget considerations, number of participants and the event stakeholders. Catemaco, a city in Mexico, is known as the Capital of Witchcraft, where one can easily get a cure for any curse or one can hire a witch to perform a curse on someone he/she dislikes. This tradition goes back to centuries, mixing several ancient beliefs and traditions and also voodoo practices. The concept of a witchcraft convention, hosted by a Bruja or a Shaman, began in the year 1970 (Pardo 2012). The concept of the event got stuck and now each year thousands of witches, wizards, healers, shamans and brujas from all parts of Mexico, perform a mass cleansing ceremony to get rid of their sins and last years negative energies. Magicians, fortune tellers, shamans, witches and prophets roam around the charming streets of Catemaco, Mexico. They perform supernatural things and give advises to the ones who contribute few pesos. The first weekend is marked with special ceremonies and gala events (Gonzalez-Paraiso 2014). Large number of tourists visit the place in order to get a glimpse of such other worldly event. There are several live music and dance performances which entertain the tourists all day long. Stalls are set up at various places, which sell amulets, trinkets, magical potions, healers and other kinds of spiritual items. If someone is willing to invest a little more then he/she can watch the black magic ceremony. Shamans are considered to be the most powerful ones to perform mass purification and the time after the event gets over is considered to be favorable. Serious worshippers of Dark Arts are offended with the people who have set up fake business to fool the tourists (Pardo 2012). The event has become more commercial, as the number of tourist heads is increasing every year. The budget is around 300,000 dollars approximately. The brujas offer a wide range of services to the visitors like card reading, advices, fortune telling and herbal remedies. Adventurous tourists get involved into the fun of the event Noche de Brujas, some witness the mass cleansing ceremony and others dare to take part in it (Yeoman et al. 2012). In the Vera Cruz region, the adventurers will find great mystery and diversity surrounding the lake side town. The mountains, green coastal plains and forests are full of ancient flavor which not only excites the tourists but also such experiences can send chills up someones spine. Moreover there is a mystical lake for boating, swimming and enjoying the natural beauty of the place. In the center of the wide six mile lake there are number of islands, one of those locally known as Monkey Island, which is named after a number of monkeys who had been imported there from Thailand, for scientific study (Martinez et al. 2017). Apart than these, there are small villages in the remote areas, lush tropical rain forest for experiencing rich tropics and unspoiled beaches. Tourists can take a mineral mud spa or have a spiritual way of cleansing in the rain forest of Reserva Ecolologica de Naciyaga (Everfest.com. 2017). The Noche de Brujas event brings in huge sum of money to the countrys economy. Over five thousand visitors, including rich and famous businessmen to national level politicians attends the event in the hope of getting cleansed from previous years sins and negative energies (Hawkes 2017). People dance, sing and enjoy the three daylong events, which brings refreshment to their daily work life. Tourists from different parts of the world attend the event for its uniqueness. This is because it is not promoted as a part of Halloween. It brings about three million pesos to the local economy, which is beneficial for the people of the country (Martinez et al. 2017). The event stakeholders are the hotel owners, residents, tourism managers, local council, stall owners and others who make huge business in this event. Huge number of tourists visits Catemaco at this time of the year. Hotel owners make huge profit by offering accommodation. Moreover, they buy several things from the stalls set up in the event, which helps the local owners earn money. Dark Arts practitioners earn a lot, as some tourists take part in the mass cleansing ceremony to experience the event (Lonelyplanet.com 2017). To conclude, the city of Catemaco is a strangely beautiful place. One can sense the strange and mythical atmosphere in every nook and corner of the place. Supercharged with superstitious beliefs and thick tropical air, this city is attractive in nature. March is the perfect time to travel to this magical part of the world, to witness the annual celebration of the place, that is, Noche de Brujas or Night of the Witches. Rich in great diversity and mystery, this place has loads to discover and for all the adventure lovers out there, missing this places supernatural aspects would be a great loss. References Everfest.com. (2017).Noche de Brujas 2018 in Catemaco, Mexico | Everfest. [online] Available at: https://www.everfest.com/e/noche-de-brujas-catemaco-mexico [Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. Gonzalez-Paraiso, R., 2014.Re-contextualizing Traditions: The Performance of Identity in Festivals of Huasteco, Jarocho, and Terracalenteno Sones in Mexico(Doctoral dissertation, The University of Wisconsin-Madison). Hawkes, L. (2017).The Noche de Brujas Festival in Catemaco Mexico. [online] Mexicolesstraveled.com. Available at: https://mexicolesstraveled.com/witchfest.htm [Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. Lonelyplanet.com (2017).Noche de Brujas: a guide to Mexicos Night of the Witches. [online] Lonely Planet. Available at: https://www.lonelyplanet.com/mexico/central-gulf-coast/catemaco/travel-tips-and-articles/noche-de-brujas-a-guide-to-mexicos-night-of-the-witches/40625c8c-8a11-5710-a052-1479d2772267 [Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. Martinez, M.L., Silva, R., Lithgow, D., Mendoza, E., Flores, P., Martnez, R. and Cruz, C., 2017. Human impact on coastal resilience along the coast of Veracruz, Mexico.Journal of Coastal Research,77(sp1), pp.143-153. Pardo, O.F., 2012. The Spectacular City, Mexico, and Colonial Hispanic Culture.Revista Hispnica Moderna,65(2), pp.243-244. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J., Drummond, S. and McMahon-Beattie, U. eds., 2012.Festival and events management. Routledge.